The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie Essays

The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie Essays The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie Paper The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie Paper The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie BY prs95 Form is indistinguishable from content in a work of writing. How do the conventional characteristics of stories shape the perusers experience of their substance? German thinker, Immanuel Kant, has bolstered the announcement Form is indivisible from content in a work of writing. He emphatically accepted that Form without content is unfilled; content without structure is visually impaired. l (page 157) It can be contended that the conventional characteristics in writing are a key viewpoint in adding to the perusers by and large experience. E. M Forster has proposed that the conventional structure of an ovel should involve a start, center and an end. 2 In Muriel Sparks tale The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie, the writer has tested this customary configuration through showing occasions in an anachronical structure and through the incorporation of a general omniscient storyteller, which has brought about a development of anticipation, fortified the books topical lavishness and empowered the peruser to perceive the improvement of characters all through. Reflecting upon Forsters conviction, I would need to differ with this and feel that Sparks structure has effectively improved the perusers energy about the novel all in all. On general standing, it appears to be obvious to me that the type of writing is a device utilized by writers so as to show the substance inside the novel in a specific manner. This will bring about the peruser deciphering the content with a certain goal in mind, driven by the essayist. This reflects Kants conclusion when concentrating on the separation of structure with content. In any novel, and in each part of life, time is of foremost significance. In Sparks tale, this aspect is controlled in such an approach to be new to the peruser, yet as yet giving structure. In spite of foretelling occasions of the story, the peruser has become interested to discover the reasons with respect to why ertain occasions happen. Time as a general idea, can be utilized by scholars to underline occasions and paying little mind to the flexibility of time as an auxiliary point, linearity can't be annihilated totally it on a very basic level goes about as a basic base for a novel. Toward the beginning of the novel, it is promptly obvious to the peruser that the example of time isn't in a sequential request, as Spark has incorporated various checks of analepsis and prolepsis. This has stubbornly attracted the peruser to an issue of time, and it is evident Spark has expressly made this a key point of convergence for the peruser. At he first prologue to the Brodie Set, we are educated that the young ladies are fourth-structure (page 5). Following this, there is a flashback to when the young ladies were age twelve, and afterward a scene of the young ladies at sixteen years old. The singularity of the young ladies is confined when the peruser is told, The five young ladies, standing near one another in light of the young men, wore their caps each with an unmistakable contrast. (Page 5) Despite sharing the shared characteristic of being a piece of The Brodie Set, their disparities are featured with a blaze forward to how the young ladies are seen as people later on. Sparkle has deliberately referenced in the main part that Mary Mcgreggor lost her life in a lodging fire (page 14). This key snippet of data has implied this occasion, which has at last made a feeling of pressure, and regardless of knowing the destiny of Mary, the peruser nearly feels obliged to keep perusing. This early prescience one has of Marys destiny, influences how the peruser sees her all through the rest of affecting our perusing, however expectation of the occasion isn't solid. (140)3 Looking at this statement, I have just demonstrated a manner by which the method of prolepsis can have solid effect on the peruser, anyway Bridgemans radical explanation suggesting that the perusers expectation is negligible because of the minor information on what occurs, I would need to oppose this idea. By essentially knowing key occasions about the substance of a novel, the peruser starts to effectively consider the conditions encompassing such occasions, at last making a solid feeling of expectation. Proceeding from Bridgemans see, John Holloway feels that The reality remains that the structure of this account is to a great extent a matter of the consistent activity of composing a next occasion to nullify a xisting forward. 4 (Page 591) He has applied this announcement with direct connection to Sparks epic. One may state that this view is excessively shortsighted as it just spotlights on the outside of the essential structure. The account has foreshadowed a large number of the occasions that follow, anyway the setting of these occasions stays indistinct until the story has advanced. There is consistent development inside the story, as subjects and characters create. Furthermore to Sparks reliable utilization of prolepsis and analepsis, the type of account utilized has likewise influenced the perusers experience of this novel. The fundamental vents of the novel are told through the nearness of an omniscient storyteller. This has empowered the perusers comprehension of the fundamental topics of the novel (Miss Brodies Prime and its impact on her understudies) to be developed. It has made a solid feeling of viewpoint for the peruser, and permitted the person in question to frame a sentiment that isn't based straightforwardly from one of the characters perspective, which is regularly one-sided or inconsistent. John Morreal has reprimanded the omniscient storyteller, and has stated, Omniscience couldn't give a channel to a story in the manner that the constrained information on an inner storyteller does. 5 (Page 432) I trust Sparks epic for instance, nullifies this case completely. The style of account utilized, uncovers information using prolepsis and analepsis in such a manner just to educate the peruser regarding brief, yet indispensable occasions. Concerning The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie, if Spark had rather utilized an interior storyteller, the substance of the novel would not have been conveyed as successfully as it has finished with the omniscient storyteller, and it would conceivably come up short on its uniqueness. By and large, this has helped shape the perusers comprehension and experience. The effect of an omniscient storyteller can be pplied to different writings, for example, Henry James The Turn of the Screw. For this situation, the omniscient storyteller has been remembered for request to acquaint a feeling of vulnerability with the peruser, as the account structure at first appears to need believability and dependability. It has introduced a viewpoint that not just connects to the vulnerability experienced by the tutor herself, yet additionally to impact the result the peruser detracts from the story. This can subsequently attract a resemblance to the story structure Sparks epic it has been utilized so as to legitimately affect the peruser. Besides, an essential capacity f an account is to recount to a story and make a state of mind, which is accomplished in this novel through different language procedures, including discourse. The utilization of direct discourse has permitted the peruser to increase an understanding of characters themselves. Miss Brodie says Give me a young lady at a susceptible age, and she is dig forever. This announcement, direct from Brodie herself, outlines her manipulative character and her craving to state control on powerless individuals. The force this has of being immediate discourse character. It in this way adds a feeling of honesty to what the peruser is told. The ood all through differs with occurrences of funniness, reality and a feeling of pity (towards the casualties of Brodies control). This consistent change in tone makes blended feelings yet keeps the peruser engaged and centered. The peruser encounters various feelings while framing an impact on Jean Brodie. The utilization of discourse further makes a feeling of separation between the peruser and Miss Brodie as her character turns out to be increasingly ugly, anyway the perusers sympathy develops for the individual individuals from the Brodie Set as the cruel impacts Brodie has, begin to get obvious. Pundit Peter Robert Brown has expressed that; Readers are urged to recognize their interest in exploitation in the real world and to ponder the job that story plays simultaneously and Justification of exploitation. 6 (229) This recommendation suggests that the perusers encounters all through the novel are to some degree dependent on their very own encounters, and a feeling of thankfulness can be shaped dependent on this. At long last, a significant part of structure, particularly regarding Sparks epic, is the reiteration, which stresses the principle topics, essentially driving the peruser to having a more notew orthy ense of the message Spark has intended to pass on. The word prime is referenced over and over through the course of the novel. Notwithstanding being in the title, and referenced all through, the word is even said in the end sentence of the novel. There was a Miss Jean Brodie in her prime. This is a definite redundancy of what Sandy had said before on in the novel (page 35). This end sentence effectively emphasizes the subject of ones Prime, and leaves an enduring impact on the peruser, permitting him to reflect and make their own sentiment on what precisely ones prime is, and how Brodies prime influenced the young ladies. Proceeding from the effect reiteration has, it nearly reflects the dullness of time itself. This equal causes to notice the non-direct structure of time, and features its uniqueness. Taking everything into account, the essential structure of time and disentangling of occasions has been controlled an away from of the control the young ladies experience as an outcome of Miss Brodies activities. The proper characteristics utilized by Spark stretch out further to the account method and perspectives, for example, discourse. Glancing back at what Forster proposed, Sparks inventive structure has demonstrated fruitful and has esulted in decidedly affecting the perusers experience of the novel. It has featured fundamental topics, fortified thoughts and empowered the peruser to perceive the improvement in characters. With respect to the explanation that Form is insepar

Resources of Agency and Competition Law †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Resources of Agency and Competition Law. Answer: Presentation The case was identified with ANZs wish that Mortgage discounts consent to restrain the discount sum for the clients in regard of organizing ANZ home credits. Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited is giving the home loan advances to clients through web and outside channels. Home loan discounts are an autonomous firm which is occupied with the dissemination of home loans of ANZ. Home loan discounts are offering discount to clients from some piece of its bonus if its home loans are affirmed by ANZ (MacCallum, 2016). The ACCCs guarantee was that ANZ is giving credit game plan offices to its clients inside. ACCC had battled two instances of fixing of costs. One was against Fight focus and other was against ANZ. For the situation identified with Fight focus, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission claimed that Fight place went into contract with three carriers to keep up the costs for air travel. This report portrays in detail the realities of the case, the obligations penetrated by ANZ, the choice of Full Federal court and the purposes for the choice. ACCCs fundamental point is to keep away from hostile to rivalry understandings. According to ACCCs claim, ANZ was enjoying the value fixing. ACCC asserted that Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited settled on an understanding that it is going to just permit Mortgage Refunds to offer Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited home loan items if the Mortgage discounts concurred on the terms and states of Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited. The terms and conditions incorporate that Mortgage discounts was required to confine the measure of discount to its clients to $600 for the course of action of credit administrations and it will permit Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited branches to coordinate the arrangement in the event that they decided to defer the Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limiteds advance foundation charge (Adams, 2016). According to ACCC, Mortgage discounts and Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited were rivals in the market for the arrangement of administrations identified with advance arrangements. Full Federal Courts choice The courts choice was agreeable to Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited .The Full court of the Federal court of Australia excused the value fixing request made by the Australian serious and purchaser commission. The Full court excused Australian Competitive and Consumer commissions claim against the Australian and New Zealand Banking Group Limited for breaking the arrangements of value fixing under Competition and Consumer act, 2010 (ACL, 2015). The court has given the choice that ANZ didn't finish with Mortgage discounts and other autonomous home loan agents. The full court additionally saw that The opposition can be workable for the inner and outer dispersion channels. The court likewise requested that ACCCs need is to maintain a strategic distance from hostile to serious practices and understandings on the grounds that obstructing rivalry harms the organizations and customers and this is destructive for the whole economy. The Australian Competition and Consumer Commissi on claimed against the choice given by the Federal court. According to the examination of Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, ANZ penetrated the obligation of care, ill-advised utilization of data and the obligation to act with steadiness under the partnership law by fixing the costs. Along these lines, ANZ penetrated two laws, one was company law and the other was Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Journals talk, 2016). ACCC was effective in its allure against battle focus however was fruitless in the intrigue against ANZ. The ACCC asserted that ANZ is at risk at fixing of costs under segment 45 of Trade Practices act, 1974 now it is Competition and Consumer act, 2010. The court held that value fixing applied to contracts between contenders. The ANZ and Mortgage discounts were not contenders so there were zero odds of value fixing between them. The court likewise expressed that area 45A was not relevant on this case. Since this area says rivalry may happen between two g atherings with pertinent courses of action. Area 45A applies when two gatherings are having significant plans with two benefit habitats and there will be two separate elements of both the gatherings. These conditions are not fulfilled for this situation (Yuile, 2017). Along these lines, ANZ isn't at risk under segment 45A. The choice of the court was clear after Justice Dowsetts says that between the credit game plan administrations of ANZ and Mortgage discounts, there was no serious cover. Response of ACCC against the judgment ACCC was not happy with the judgment given by the full government court. ACCC responded against the judgment given by the full government court. As per ACCC, there was no issue with solid rivalry in light of the fact that sound rivalry cuts costs down, brings about development and better quality administrations to the clients. This sort of rivalry prompts different kinds of focal points to clients. Yet, the opposition that was for this situation brings about components that hurt the interests of shoppers. As indicated by ACCC, for this situation, both Mortgage discounts and ANZ were managing in credit administrations. Along these lines, it was the verification at the fixing of costs. The significant purpose for government courts ruling for ANZ was the absence of proof with ACCC (Akman and Sokol, 2017). ANZ didn't show any proof with all due respect in light of the fact that ANZ knew about the way that the case was not solid from the side of ACCC on the grounds that ACCC was putting c laim without proof. According to the guidelines and guidelines of court, a case without proof was considered as unimportant. It was unimaginable for ACCC to demonstrate that ANZ penetrated the obligations under Competition and Consumer act, 2010. ACCC contended that the fixing of costs among Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited and Mortgage discounts occurred in light of the fact that ANZ and Mortgage discounts are rivals in the market for giving credit game plan administrations (Varney, 2016). Yet, the court found that Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited and Mortgage discounts were not the contenders for the advance plan administrations arrangements in the market. Thus, Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited was not held at risk at any cost fixing understanding. ACCC claimed that Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited was rivaling different dealers in the market. The court again excused this charge of ACCC by expressing that ANZ was not engaged with the advertising of any credit administrations against the representatives. The court discovered Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited guiltless in both the charges made by Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. In this w ay, these were the explanations for the court choice preferring Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (McHugh and Foster, 2016). The body of evidence against Fight focus was likewise identified with fixing of costs. The Federal court ruled against the Fight community on the grounds that as per the full government court, the battle place was in rivalry with different aircrafts for booking administrations. In this way, there were chances that Fight place was occupied with value fixing. The explanation for the judgment of full government court against ACCC for this situation was that the court found that ANZ was not in rivalry with the Mortgage discounts. Thus, without having rivalry in the market, the odds of fixing of cost don't emerge. The explanation for the positive result of Fight focus case was that ACCC was certain about the achievement due to legitimate confirmations around then (Oliver and Schoff, 2017). In Fight focus case, ACCC was trusting courts judgment in supp ort of its yet for this situation, ACCC was dubious about the great choice of the court. Obligations penetrated by ANZ This is the situation of value fixing. In value fixing, the contenders concur on an equivalent cost as opposed to rivaling one another. The obligations penetrated by Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited incorporate obligation not to utilize the data in ill-advised way, obligation identified with great confidence and obligation of care. The purpose for the foundation of Australian Competition and Consumer Commission is to offer insurance to the interests of customers (Le Roy, et al., 2017). For this situation, Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited penetrated three obligations which influence the shoppers toward the end. The main obligation penetrated in light of fixing of costs is obligation not to utilize data in ill-advised way, Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited utilized the market data for unlawful reason and fixed the costs by appropriately understanding the customer inclinations. The second penetrated obligation is obligation identified with gre at confidence. Each industry which is working in the market is required to direct its business with appropriate guidelines and guideline, genuineness and without hurting the premiums of buyers. Value fixing is against of every one of these standards. The last obligation that was penetrated by Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited is obligation of care. Clients are the fundamental thought process of each business (Stellios and Richman, 2016). Clients ought to be pulled in with obligation of care. This obligation is joined with the business from the day of set-up of the business. Each association is required to deal with the clients with care. By fixing of costs, ANZ penetrated this obligation since fixing of costs at last outcomes in the misfortune to clients. Effect of courts choice on the working of organizations in Australia Value fixing by one organization influences the purchasers and different organizations working in a similar market. For instance: if customer merchandise are moved by cargo and on the off chance that there is fixing of cost of cargo, at that point it brings about influencing the entire chain of gracefully and expands the costs of products. Along these lines value fixing influences the market and the organizations working in the market all in all. Value fixing is illicit under the Competition and Consumer act, 2010 in Australia (Petrucci, 2017). This choice affected the othe

University Versus College Degrees

University Versus College Degrees The OE Blog As students across the country prepare to make decisions about which UK University to apply to, the government’s plans for higher education remain in a shambles. With tuition fees at the top level of £9000 set to be charged by the vast majority of top UK Universities, it has now been suggested that cheaper places will be available for degree courses at community and sixth form colleges. Will these courses, often vocational and specifically designed to lead immediately into employment upon graduation, provide much better value for money, or will they be seen as a poorer quality alternative, less respected as a qualification in the world of work? Is College better value? This week the BBC interviewed staff and students at Bradford College, where a wide variety of courses are available at a cost of £6700 per year, compared to the £8500 tuition fees at Leeds Metropolitan University (the institution that validates the College’s degrees). Compared to the University, Bradford College offers a much greater number of specifically vocational courses, from hairdressing and beauty therapy to ophthalmic dispensing, catering and hospitality. Degree student Simon Hinken claimed his college provided much better value for money than university, and pointed out that “you get a lot more contact time” due to smaller class sizes and student numbers. Certainly many would argue that in this age of enormous tuition fees and huge graduate debts, to take a course that might lead immediately into employment, at a cost that will leave you with less debt to pay off, is by far the cleverest option for today’s students. A two-tier education system? But those in opposition to the government’s higher education scheme have claimed that this provision of cheaper degrees at less respected institutions risks causing a return to the old class-based university system, where the rich paid for impressive degrees from the best universities whilst the poor had to put up with polytechnic education and were then punished for it when their degree had less ‘value’ in the job marketplace. If the degrees provided by colleges were held in lower esteem than university qualifications by employers, then this certainly might become a huge social problem. Is higher education worth it at all? In the meantime, many high-profile business leaders such as Jill McDonald, UK boss of burger chain McDonald’s, are urging businesses to look beyond traditional graduate recruitment. She believes that school leavers should be brave about going straight into employment without gaining a degree first at all. McDonald argues that over half of the McDonald’s executive team started out working in one of their restaurants, and suggests that an expensive degree is not necessary to go far in the world of employment. She told the Institute of Directors Annual Conference: “we need to acknowledge the road many young people take today may not be the one we took in the past”. Whats the answer? So, amidst the chaos of tuition fees, grants, bursaries, universities and colleges, what on earth is the answer? Is it best to go all out for a top university degree, regardless of the £40,000 price tag, on the basis that the impressive qualification will guarantee you much higher earning power in the long run? Is it better to plump for a cheaper qualification from a less well-known college in the hope that having a more vocational degree will still get you into a good job, but without the same level of debt? Or is the answer simply to eschew further education altogether and jump straight into the world of work three years and several thousand pounds ahead of your university-attending counterparts? At this stage, the only thing that’s certain is that this generation of teenagers has far more difficult and complex decisions to make about its future than ever before.

Struggles and Setbacks of Developing Democracies in Latin...

The concept of patrimonialism in Latin American countries is a subject that has been studied and researched by some of the world’s most renowned sociologists and political scientists. In this literature review I will use the information gathered from several of these researchers and combine their theories and ideologies in an attempt to understand why many Latin American countries such as Mexico, Argentina, Venezuela, and Bolivia have continued to remain oppressed throughout history and stand on a slippery slope towards democratic reform of their national governments. The impeded development of democracy in these countries is much derived from Spanish empirical forms, reigning from the colonial era in which Spanish conquistadores†¦show more content†¦Evaluating progress from an economic standpoint In order to successfully evaluate the transition of an authoritarian regime towards a more democratic form of government, we would not only look at the implications of power and rule of government policy, but as well the economic values of these authoritarian states, in doing this we could find that the abuse of government resources and funding are extremely detrimental to the democratic progress, in which the question could be asked, what are some of the main economic mechanisms causing the deprivation of economic growth in these authoritarian states? The suboptimal economic growth in Latin America suggests that even after open-market policies have been implemented; Latin Americas share in world output has remained stagnant at roughly 6% since the 1970’s. Some experts have suggested that corruption, excessive debt, political instability, low investment in human capital, and emigration account for low levels of economic prosperity in Latin America (Lizardo, R. Mollack, A. V. 2009). The findings of this study would lead us to believe that these detrimental governmental actions would appeal to the school of thought aforementioned, in where the leader of a state is placing his priorities above those of the citizens of the state. 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Outline Of Grendel And The Green Knight - 1013 Words

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Touch of Evil Abuse of Power and Corruption in the Police Force Free Essays

James Temple Coms 356 Paper on Lighting I believe an important theme of Touch of Evil is the abuse of power and corruption in the police force. The film follows detectives as they try and find out who planted dynamite in a car which blew up. Detective Hank Quinlan shows up on the scene and has a feeling that the dynamite was planted by someone on the Mexican side. We will write a custom essay sample on Touch of Evil: Abuse of Power and Corruption in the Police Force or any similar topic only for you Order Now Detective Quinlan is a corrupt detective who does anything he can to drag evil doers to justice. His fellow officers awe him and his reputation to take justice into his own hands. Detective Quinlan can be both a good and evil guy. In the first example, Chiaroscuro lighting is used to darken Hank Quinlan’s face. This lighting shows how Quinlan is an evil individual who gets what he wants. This lighting is of low key since it is hard to see Quinlan’s face. To the right of Quinlan is one of the Mexican mob men and Susan with light shining on them coming from the right side of the screen. This light is of high key and high contrast. The light is shining on Susan as if this scene wants to show us how she is good and that she is just an innocent bystander. On the face of Hank is a stern look which gives him a sinister appearance that he’ll do anything to obtain justice. The Mexican mob guy is standing there with his hands up with light shining all over him as to say that he is a good guy and hasn’t done anything wrong but we know that this isn’t the case. In the second example, we have light shining on Hank Quinlan and Ramon Vargas. Here the lighting is of high key and high contrast. This is picture is when Quinlan tells Vargas that the dynamite has been in this box, but Vargas tells him that he just looked in the box and it wasn’t in there before. Vargas’ face is lit showing that he is of innocence and is a good guy. On the other hand Quinlan has his hat on which cast a little shadow over his eyes showing that he is evil. We can tell that Quinlan is up to something and that it was most likely him who put the dynamite stick in the box. Detective Quinlan has a lot of power and he uses it to the fullest. [pic] Example 1 [pic] Example 2 How to cite Touch of Evil: Abuse of Power and Corruption in the Police Force, Essay examples

The Merchant of Venice, Shylock Victim or Villain Essay Example

The Merchant of Venice, Shylock: Victim or Villain Paper The Merchant of Venice was probably written in either 1596 or 1597, after such early plays such as Romeo Juliet and Richard III but before the great tragedies of Shakespeares later life. The Merchant of Venice is an intriguing drama of love greed, and in some aspects racism but most importantly revenge. The cross dressing heroine and the Italian location makes it similar to earlier comedies but the characters of Shylock and Portia Shakespeares first great heroine, elevate it to the first rank of his plays. (Internet: www.shakespeare.com) Shylock is a Jewish moneylender in Venice; the Christians have abused him in his city, especially Antonio and his friends. I think that this is partly because Shylock is the only Jew in most of the city. His quest for revenge consumes his cunning one-track mind. (Internet) This makes the audience think whether he is a victim? Or whether he is a villain? In my essay I will be looking for this and supporting my ideas with evidence from quotes from the text. Shylock is a very different character from the others because of his religion, beliefs, and the way he dresses and other characters like Antonio think that he is a target for them to pick on and be nasty and mean to him because of his creed, Shylock tells us some of the names Antonio has called him and also the way he has treated him: You call me a misbeliever (1:3:33:108 We will write a custom essay sample on The Merchant of Venice, Shylock: Victim or Villain specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Merchant of Venice, Shylock: Victim or Villain specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Merchant of Venice, Shylock: Victim or Villain specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Cut dog-throat (1:3:33108) Spit upon my Jewish gabardine (1:3:33:109) These three quotes are a real insult to Shylock by the first quote Antonio cannot judge how much Shylock believes in his religion, or if he even follows the rules of his religion that is up to Shylock to decide. What is even worse is that Antonio refers to him as a dog this has terribly offended Shylock because Jews think that dogs are not sacred animals and that the devil lives inside them. Also Antonio refers to his clothing and the way he dresses and Antonio disrespects the way Shylock dresses because none of the Christians wear a gabardine. This makes me feel sorry for Shylock for the reason that he doesnt deserve to be treated in that way. The worst thing is that it is not only verbal racism but also physical too. The audience during Shakespeares time would have found the spitting quite hilarious since they would not witness someone spewing on their enemy. Later on in the play you will find that it is not only Antonio that is felonious towards Shylock it is also Lorenzo: Faithless Jew (2:4:63:37) Lorenzo refers to Shylock as if he is not a devoted Jew. We can interpret this in two different ways, firstly being just that he doesnt have faith in his religion so that is why he is a Faithless Jew. Or others could interpret it by thinking how can he be a Jew if he doesnt have faith or if he doesnt believe in his religion how can he be a Jew. Shakespeare has put to opposite words faithless and Jew in one sentence in the above quote, this is called an oxymoron, Shakespeare does this to make the sentence stand out and also to make us feel sorry for Shylock; that is exactly what it does do it makes us sympathise for Shy lock and it makes us think why does he have to go through all of this, but that is how nows audience would feel but back in Shakespearian time when the play was written and performed the audience would have loved this sort of thing they would almost certainly find this humorous and pleasant, but then again they only thought of it as a play. In these four above quotes I think that Shylock is a victim because of the way Antonio and Lorenzo have treated him. It makes me wonder what do they achieve by making fun of other peoples religion and lifestyle? Why do they do this? Do they find it fun? But what they dont think about is how the other person feels, maybe Shylock should treat them the same way they have treated him so that they would know what it is like to be treated in that way. When this play was acted out in front of a Shakespearian audience they would have hissed, mocked and booed him as soon as he stepped foot on the stage they had no consideration what so ever but in this day and age nobody does this because it is a sign of racism. Antonio asks Shylock for 3000 Ducats to lend to Bassanio, Bassanio needs this money to impress Portia she is the girl he has fallen in love with it was love at first sight basically. Portia comes from a rich and wealthy family her father has just died and in his will he has written that Portia must marry who ever chooses the right casket. So anyway Bassanio is not rich and nor does he come from a rich or wealthy family so this is why he needs the money. Shylock agrees to lend the money to him as long as he has a guarantee; in this case his guarantor is Antonio this means that if Bassanio cannot pay the money back on time then Antonio must pay the money back to Shylock but as we all know Shakespeares plays always have a twist of some sort in them heres the twist to this one, well if both Antonio and Bassanio do not pay the money back on time Shylocks guarantee is that: An equal pound of your fair fleshin whatever part of your body pleaseth me (1:3:147-148) The first impression that I get from this quote is that can Shylock actually be this mean to Antonio, okay, Antonio has been mean to him but there is no need to go this far and put someones life at risk. The least he could do is give Antonio a chance if he doesnt pay the money back in time, anyway Antonio knows that his ships will come back from sea a day before he owes the money to Shylock. So he also agrees to the bond, Bassanio gives Antonia a chance to back out but Antonio says but not in so many words, no its alright I am your friend and what are friends for, and he agrees to the bond. Well I suppose other people would say it is because Antonio is calling him names and offending his religion so why should Shylock have to put up with it because Antonio isnt respectful just because Shylock is the only Jew in the trade. So Shylock thinks that this is his opportunity to get his own back on Antonio for every thing he has ever said or done to Shylock. This makes Shylock look like a villain because if you think about films the baddies always have to get their own back on the victim and this is what is happening here. Also if you have noticed that Antonio and Shylock have switched roles of victim and villain. Then again some people might think that he is only doing this because Antonio has called him names so why cant he go through the same pain as Shylock, they might also say that it is not fair if Antonio can bully Shylock and Shylock copes with it and doesnt do anything about it and Antonio gets away with it, so Shylock should get his back and make him suffer. Bassanio Antonio and Shylock all sign and agree with the bond. What makes things worse is the fact that he is the only person in the trade who charges interest but in this case he is not charging interest because Antonio says to him it is not in the nature of friendship to take interest on money lent to a friend so Shylock says well I am your friend and the quote he uses to tell Antonio that he is not going to charge interest is: And take no doit of usance for my money (1:3:35:136-137) So now Shylock is being all nice again and not charging interest but this might be because of the bond that they have agreed to, Shylock has probably already thought about it before and he almost certainly thinks that the guarantee is a substitute for the bond Shakespeare also uses a simile which Antonio speaks about, it is referring to Shylock as villain:- An evil soul producing holy witness is like a villain with a smiling cheek This simile I think is very effective because Antonio is saying that Shylock is evil, but on the outside to everyone else he seems nice, helpful and good. He shows that he is a holy person and doing good for people, maybe praying, he could be a priest, for example but his intentions are not so good, portraying something different, maybe the way he acts on the outside but deep down inside he is evil. He is Evil by doing bad deeds; he only cares about himself and his money, as we will find out. Later in the play Jessica who is Shylocks daughter is planning to run away from home with Lancelot. Lancelot used to be Shylocks worker but he quit to go and work with Bassanio but we dont know why. Was it because Shylock was mean? Who knows, but I think that if his own daughter wants to run away from home, then there must be something wrong with him. Was he mistreating her? Was he ashamed of her? Was he neglecting her? To be ashamed to be fathers child (2:3:17) I am sorry thou Wilt leave my father (2:3:1) There must definitely be something wrong with Shylock, because Jessica is ashamed to be his daughter. She is also planning to change her religion to Christianity because she loves Lancelot so much and wants to marry him. Jessica wants to have less to do with Shylock as possible, and wants to end the relationship with him. Become a Christian and thy loving wife (2:3:21) But later on Jessica tells Bassanio, Salerio, and Portia that she overheard her father talking to Tubal and Chus who are also Jewish, he was telling them how much he would prefer Antonios flesh than twenty times as much sum of money owed. Rather have Antonios flesh than twenty times the value of the sum he did owe him (3:2:287-288) This is really showing that he is a villain, but even if he said it the other way round, people would still think that he is greedy and all he ever cares about is his money and how much wealth he possesses. The 3 months have ended and Antonio hasnt succeeded to pay back Shylocks money, because all his ships have been shipwrecked whilst out at sea. Bassanio receives a letter from Antonio; he sends his sends his final regards, saying how happy he was that Bassanio and Portia have at last got engaged. He then goes on and says his final farewells, at this point Bassanio feels sorry for him and he thinks that this is all his fault: The paper as the body of my friends (3:2:264) This quote is saying that a pathetic little bond written on some paper is costing him Antonios life. This quote is also a metaphor because how can a bit of paper be your body it cant, it is impossible, and Shakespeare uses this to express that the quote means that the paper is responsible for Antonios life. Shylock has been to the government to change the law because he wants his rights also before this scene he has a bit of anger to let out because Salerio says to Shylock oh if Antonio doesnt pay you back the money youre not really going to take a pound of his flesh are you? This really set the spark to the fire: Feed my revenge (3:1:50) Shakespeare has used some personification because you cant really feed revenge can you? This means that Shylock has been through a lot and now he wants to get his revenge, the word feed meaning like without food nobody can live so he is saying it keeps Antonio alive to pick on people this makes him look as if he is a villain. He laughed at my loses mocked at my gains scorned my nation, thwarted my bargains. (3:1:51-53) This is a very strong part of his speech because he is once again telling us how Antonio has been treating Shylock and as we can see he has been racist, insulting he has teased and has humiliated him, so in a way I think that Shylock has a right to do something to Antonio but I wouldnt go as far as killing him it is not even worth it. Cooled my friends, heated mine enemies (3:1:53-54) Shakespeare has used two types of technique in one sentence firstly he has used an oxymoron which means he uses the two words with opposite meanings, in this quote the oxymorons are Cooled and Heated. Secondly being a metaphor, because you cant really cool or heat friends and enemies. It is like saying you have even turned people who are my friends against me, you have been spreading rumours about me. Whats his reason? I am a Jew. (3:1:54) This is a rhetorical question, which is a question but instead of someone else answering it you answer it yourself, Shakespeare has used this several times in this speech, it makes the speech more effective and emotive and it made me feel sorry for Shylock because he is so angry at Antonio and then Salerio has to just go and stir it up even more, it also makes us the audience think what he is going through and the next few lines are very strong and powerful. When I saw the second version of this specific speech he said it with anger and rage and you could tell that he was hurt inside because of his body language and the way he moved his hands you could tell that he was frustrated, the audience then wouldnt have taken much notice of his feelings they would most probably be laughing. Hath not a Jews hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions? (3:1:54-56) In this quote Shylock is trying to express his feelings he is saying although I am a Jew I still have a heart and some soft touches and I am just as sensitive just like everyone else, I am no different, I am still made up of the same organs as you. These are rhetorical devices that Shakespeare has used to emphasize the point. If you prick us do we not bleed? If you tickle us do we not laugh? If you poison us do we not die? (3:1:60-62) The word prick I think resembles hurtful words because it then goes on to talk about bleeding this is symbolising pain and how upset he his. Shylock then compares this with having fun, which is when you laugh, and he compares the name calling to poison and how after a while when you have been teased and so much you just get sick of it and then you try to ignore it but what is worse you sometimes wish that you werent alive. Now Shylock ask some rhetorical questions: If a Jew wrong a Christian what is his humility? Revenge (3:1:64-65) If a Christian wrong a Jew what should his sufferance be by Christian example? Why revenge (3:1:65-67) In this speech of Shylock, Shakespeare has used a lot of techniques this is all done to make more effective and the way he has sometimes used If and You which are second person pronouns that directly address to the audience or it could be that he is talking about a group of Jews. I think that Shakespeare was talking to the audience because it makes them more involved and they would probably cheer, boo or hiss. The audience during Shakespeares time would have been a lot more different than to days audiences, the audience today are more considerate and sympathetic, where as Shakespeares audiences wouldnt have been sympathetic towards Shylock instead they would laugh, snigger and giggle at him. I think that this makes Shylock look like a victim and it makes us feel sorry for him, because the way Shakespeare has worded Shylocks speech, but then again some people might think that the last line spoils it and makes him look like a villain: The villainy you teach me I will execute. (3:1:67-68) The reason why Shylock takes Antonio to court is because he wants his bond and he doesnt want to break his promise. In the version of the court that we watched Shylock looked very plain and he was dressed scruffily he didnt look that religious neither. He doesnt look aggressive in fact he looks very humble. The duke is being bias towards Shylock: Which is a pound of this poor merchants flesh (4:1:21) The first time Shylock speaks in the court scene is when he is very proud of himself and he seems as though he is a victim but he is a villain, looks can be very deceiving. He says that he is going to stick to the bond and he will not change his mind. He could change his mind if he wanted to but he is just being stubborn. Antonio is still offending Shylock in court as well because he refers to him as a Jew His Jewish heart (4:1:80) Shylock says: The pound of flesh which I demand of himtis mine and I will have it (4:1:99-100) When Shylock finishes saying this line he begins to sharpen his knife on his shoe, to get ready to cut Antonios flesh, and he look very sly and evil as he does this. Nerissa and Portia enter the courtroom looking like men; this is an example of dramatic irony this when the audience knows something that most or all of the characters dont know. In this case the audience knows that Nerissa and Portia are dressed up as a men but the characters think that they are men not Nerissa and Portia. Gratiano calls Shylock: Inexecrable dog (4:1:128) This is an another insult referring to his religion, but at this point I dont particularly feel sorry for him because it is his own fault now, he could have broken the bond and ended it all but he wanted to get his own back on Antonio. Portia refers to Christian faith and tells Shylock that if he is merciful to other people the will be merciful to him and so will God. The deeds of mercy (4:1:201) Later in the scene Portia reads out points from the bond and says that the piece of flesh has to be taken out nearest to the heart. This makes Shylock look like a villain and we feel more sympathetic for Antonio because he is probably going to die unless Shylock breaks the deal. Shylock has to take exactly a pound of flesh in one go no more and no less: nor cut thou less nor more But just a pound of flesh (4:1:325) Portia asks Shylock whether or not she is allowed to get a surgeon to look after Antonios wound after you have cut him. Shylock reads through the bond and says no it is not in the bond so you cannot have a surgeon. tis not in the bond (4:1:261) Portia is a really determined girl she is not going to give up until Antonio is free. She has got a question ready to argue every point. Later she argues the fact that in the bond it doesnt mention a word about blood, so Portia refers to this and says to Shylock that in the bond there is nothing about blood, so therefore you must take a pound of flesh out of Antonio without even a drop of blood. This bond doth give thee here no jot of blood , the words expressly are a pound of flesh' (4:1:304-305) After hearing this Shylock begins to change his mind because it is impossible to take out flesh without blood so he takes up the offer for 9000 Ducats and he will let Antonio live: I take this offer then; pay the bond thrice and let the Christian go. (4:1:318 -319) So now at least Antonio is off the hook but what is Shylocks punishment for breaking the bond: for one half goods I am content the other half in use to render it upon his death This is what Antonio says so Antonio gets half of what Shylock already has and the other half will go to his daughter and on his funeral. He has to become a Christian everything that is under his possession shall go to Lancelot his son in law and his daughter: He presently become a Christian (4:1:386) Allpossessed unto his son Lorenzo and his daughter (4:1:385-389) In the version of the play we watched when Shylock exits the stage permanently you hear a long wail and at this point I felt so sorry for Shylock because he has to change his religion, he has given everything that he has got away either to Antonio the government or his daughter even his house, he has got now where to go or live this is very upsetting and at the end of the play he is a victim. I dont think that Shakespeare is racist but the audience during his time were because they were not as understanding as us. They thought that, yeah, he is a different religion we wont talk to him he seems a bit weird or he is not the same as us. But today we are willing to bring this issues out into the world an debate or discuss them even though some people are still racist but that will always will be there it is not going to go away in a day or two it depends on the person. If I was a director of the play I would make Shylock look more religious and make him into a person who stands up for himself and who cares for people, he would be a very strong character but I would still include he issues of religion and racism because it makes the play more realistic and it shows people that every one was equal. As for Antonio I would make him a lot more caring but at the same time sly and evil but as well as that he would have to face a big change in his lifestyle as well as Shylock. In some parts of this play I thought that Shylock was a victim and in others I thought that he was a villain because of the bond but if that werent in it then he wouldnt be a villain because Antonio would always be abusing him and picking on him. Antonio was always switching places with Shylock because sometimes when Shylock was a victim he would be a villain and when he was a villain Shylock would be a victim.